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Xenophonia: a new term in psychiatry?

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  02 January 2018

Panagiotis Zis
Affiliation:
University of Athens, CT2 in Psychiatry, London Deanery, University of Athens, 22–26 Daskalaki Street, 11526 Athens, Greece, email: takiszis@gmail.com
Bryan C. Timmins
Affiliation:
Northamptonshire Healthcare NHS Trust
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Abstract

Type
The columns
Creative Commons
Creative Common License - CCCreative Common License - BY
This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC-BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted re-use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright
Copyright © Royal College of Psychiatrists, 2009

Studying the international literature in psychiatry and the publications in psychiatric journals, we could not identify any simple term that could describe ‘strange’ speech.

Currently there are terms that only partly describe what we wanted to be included in a single general term. For example, schizophrenic speech is composed of unusual oral creations which cannot be considered as a language as the latter is nothing if it is not creative. Reference Sims1 The term ‘schizophasia’ designates, specifically, at least two forms of unconventional surface speech behaviours – ‘glossomanic behaviour’ and ‘glossolalic behaviour’ – that can be observed in certain patients who experience a psychotic episode. Reference Lecours, Navet and Ross2 Both can be spectacular. The essential characteristics of ‘glossomanic schizophasia’ is the production of utterances the linguistic components of which – be they phonemes, words or more complex units – are selected and combined on the basis of superficial or semantic kinships rather than an immediately shareable topic. The main characteristic of ‘glossolalic schizophasia’ is an entirely or nearly entirely neologistic discourse. Reference Sims1

However, the Greek term xenophonia describes what we are looking for. The exact definition for xenophonia is any strange/odd/paradoxical voice or speech Reference Liddell, Scott, Jones and McKenzie3,Reference Dimitrakou4 and xenophonic is one who speaks or sounds strange. Following a thorough research of all available databases, including EMBASE, MEDLINE and PsycINFO, without any language restriction, the term xenophonia has been referred to in only one paper, a non-psychiatric study. It is being used there to describe a vocal abnormality during and after the sound variation stage; the main symptoms are high tone, low voice, short breath and unstable sound control, which are usually a functional variation, a habitual vocal defect. Reference Zhiqing, Wenjun and Yiting5

As the term xenophonia has never been mentioned in our fields of interest we would like to propose it as a new psychiatric term which describes the phenomena of generally ‘strange speech’.

References

1 Sims, A. Speech and Language Disorders in Psychiatry. Gaskell, 1995.Google Scholar
2 Lecours, AR, Navet, M, Ross, A. Langage et pensée du schizophase. Confrontations Psychiatriques 1981; 19: 109–44.Google Scholar
3 Liddell, HG, Scott, R, Jones, HS, McKenzie, R. A Greek–English Lexicon. Clarendon Press, 1940.Google Scholar
4 Dimitrakou, D. Grand Dictionary of the Greek Language, Vol. 10, 1964.Google Scholar
5 Zhiqing, W, Wenjun, Y, Yiting, C. Tratment of xenophonia in male youths by extralaryngeal massage and language training. J Tradit Chin Med 1993; 13: 221–2.Google Scholar
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